Dirhamnolipid ester – formation of reverse wormlike micelles in a binary (primerless) system

• David Liese,
• Hans Henning Wenk,
• Xin Lu,
• Jochen Kleinen and
• Gebhard Haberhauer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2820–2830, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.232

• G''min. The reciprocal of the frequency where G'' has a minimum approximately corresponds to the breaking/recombination time τb of the reverse micelles, which are self-organized systems that undergo constant scission and recombination processes in a dynamic equilibrium [36]. Therefore, τb is the

• towards the surrounding solvent molecules. The morphology of the micelles (spherical, cylindrical, vesicle, etc.) can be predicted by the packing parameter P of the surfactant [55][56]. The packing parameter P is defined by geometrical quantities as in Equation 11 [57]: where, for reverse micelles, V is

• third compound (primer), which induces the transition from spherical micelles to WLM. The packing parameter of the surfactant can be tuned systematically, e.g., by changing the size of the head group [58]. For reverse micelles, primers are polar substances that position themselves between neighboring

Formose reaction accelerated in aerosol-OT reverse micelles

• Makoto Masaoka,
• Tomohiro Michitaka and
• Akihito Hashidzume

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2663–2667, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.262

• Makoto Masaoka Tomohiro Michitaka Akihito Hashidzume Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan 10.3762/bjoc.12.262 Abstract The formose reaction in reverse micelles of aerosol-OT (AOT), triton X-100

• (TX), and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was investigated. Time–conversion data have indicated that the interfacial water layer of AOT reverse micelles is a medium that accelerates formation of glycolaldehyde in the formose reaction. The 13C NMR spectra for the products of the formose

• reaction using formaldehyde-13C as starting material are indicative of the formation of ethylene glycol as a major product. Keywords: aerosol-OT; formose reaction; hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; interfacial layer; reverse micelles; triton X-100; water pool; Findings The ‘formose reaction’ yields a

Supercritical carbon dioxide: a solvent like no other

• Jocelyn Peach and
• Julian Eastoe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1878–1895, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.196

• fluorocarbon surfactants have been investigated and successfully solubilised in dense CO2 to form w/c reverse micelles and microemulsions; this area has been extensively reviewed [36][38][63]. In more recent years, efforts have been made to reduce fluorocarbon use due to the high expense and ensuing

• used in a range of applications, including biomedical science for drug delivery [81][82]. Judicial choice of the chemical nature of block components could help drive the formation of structures, such as reverse micelles, in scCO2. Many of the factors that have been employed to increase CO2-philicity of

• microemulsions. The optimum molecular weight was found to be around 2500 g mol−1, with longer chain lengths being too CO2-philic, whereas shorter chain lengths were too hydrophilic to disperse extensive quantities of water within reverse micelles [90]. Partially fluorinated analogues, including an ethylene-based

Recent advances in transition metal-catalyzed Csp²-monofluoro-, difluoro-, perfluoromethylation and trifluoromethylthiolation

• Grégory Landelle,
• Armen Panossian,
• Sergiy Pazenok,
• Jean-Pierre Vors and
• Frédéric R. Leroux

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2476–2536, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.287

• . Kabalka developed improved conditions for the trifluoromethylation of aryl halides by carrying out the reaction in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and toluene, and by using TMSCF3 as a cheaper trifluoromethylating agent [65]. The reverse micelles appear to prevent the decomposition of TMSCF3 and provide an